The process for selling energy back to the grid was established by the federal Energy Policy Act of 2005, the same bill that gave tax credits to homeowners and businesses who buy energy-efficient vehicles and appliances. Under the government program, a homeowner can install a solar energy system, for instance, use electricity to run things in the home and then sell the leftover energy back to utility companies.
Thus far, no one in South Carolina is participating, said Dukes Scott, executive director the S.C. Office of Regulatory Staff. However, "just because no one is using it now, it's not a reason to not have the program in place."
Utility regulators hope people will participate once rates are set and consumers know the economic advantages. Plus, technology for solar energy production is rapidly changing, which makes it more affordable and more productive in places like South Carolina.
"Right now, the costs of the technology are fairly high," said Randy Watts, electric regulatory manager at the Office of Regulatory Staff.
Even if the financial benefits are small, some might participate for environmental reasons. Today, the three energy companies operating in South Carolina will explain how much they will pay homeowners and businesses for the extra electricity.
The calculations are not simple. The written proposals from SCANA, Progress Energy Carolinas and Duke Energy Corp. are lengthy. None are the same. Each company will set rates based on whether the electricity was produced during peak or off-peak hours, and those times vary by company. Also, rules will dictate when homeowners can receive checks from the utilities or when they get credit for the energy their systems produced, Watts said.
Watts and other utility regulators admit the formulas are complicated.
"They're going to have to study and see if they want to put in a system at their residence or business," he said. One solar advocate in the state said the financial benefits for consumers will be minimal under the companies' proposals.
David Odell, president of Sun Store Solar in the Upstate, said customers would receive about 2 cents of financial credit for generating electricity and then pay 8 cents for what they buy from the utility companies. While South Carolina debates these rates, other states are gaining ground by putting together sensible plans, Odell said.
Eventually, solar energy will help relieve the U.S. dependence on fossil fuels and carbon emissions, he said. "It's not a part of the solution today. But it will be part of the solution so let's start knocking down these roadblocks."