The program, which is being adopted by some Northeastern states, including New York, is called the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative, or RGGI. It was originally proposed by Gov. George Pataki.
Greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide are considered to be the major cause of global warming.
Power plants, many of which run on coal or natural gas, would have to acquire emissions "credits" to cover the carbon dioxide sent into the air when those fuels are burned.
The Independent Power Producers of New York, an Albany-based trade group that speaks for power generators, is particularly upset that the plan would require power plant owners to buy all of their emissions credits at auction.
The proposal could have included a mix of selling the credits and giving them to generators for free under a model rule approved in August by the group of states implementing RGGI (pronounced "reggie.")
IPPNY called on the DEC to study the issue more carefully to understand how it will drive up production costs. IPPNY sees a potential supply threat if generators are forced to reduce capacity because they can't buy enough credits on the open market.
"Cost and reliability impacts on electricity supply are not something DEC should be gambling with," IPPNY chief executive Gavin Donohue said in a statement.
The state plans to use proceeds from selling credits to pay for energy efficiency and clean-energy technology investments.
Environmental and consumer advocacy groups support the auction plan. They argue that keeping the environment clean is a cost of doing business and that the cost of the credits will be realized in wholesale electric prices whether they are bought or given away.
"We need mechanisms that account for the full costs of pollution, and this is one way to do it," said David Gahl, air and energy program director for Albany-based Environmental Advocates of New York.
Larry DeWitt, a senior policy analyst with the Pace University Energy Project who lives in Delmar, said the auction model helps keep the cost to consumers as low as possible.
Under the plan, New York will issue one credit, or permit, for each ton of carbon dioxide emissions allowed under the cap. Plants may buy or sell credits.