Enel said in a statement it was surprised by the court's decision to scrap a decree by the Environment Ministry, which in 2009 approved the conversion project. The top court has also overruled a decision by a regional court in 2010 to back Enel's plan, which was opposed by environmentalist groups.
"Observing laws, Enel intends to preserve its interests... and will evaluate initiatives necessary to restart the process of realization of the project at Porto Tolle or at other sites in Italy," Enel said.
"If necessary, it will have to reluctantly take investments to other countries interconnected with Italy," the utility said.
Enel had planned to start at the end of this year converting its 2,640 megawatt oil-fueled Porto Tolle plant to use clean coal technology, part of its drive to cut carbon emissions.
Coal-fired plants are a major source of carbon dioxide CO2 emissions and the project came under fire from environmentalist groups.
Enel planned to use a clean carbon technology at the plant on the River Po in the north-east of Italy about 100 km from Venice, and invest another 1 billion euros in a carbon capture and storage facility on the site to reduce its CO2 footprint.
Enel CEO Fulvio Conti said in April, after Italy decided to freeze its plans to revive nuclear energy following a nuclear disaster in Japan, his company was ready to boost coal power generation as an alternative.
Conversion works at Porto Tolle had been expected to last 5 years giving work to more than 3,000 people and the plant's capacity was to be cut to 1,980 MW.
It took Enel about 6 years to get the Environment Ministry's approval now scrapped by the State Council.