The market price of electricity averaged minus 2.1 cents a kilowatt hour on Sunday, according to the Independent Electricity System Operator IESO.
On the full dayÂ’s production, the market generated a total of minus $7.8 million for the negative-priced output.
The below-zero prices were triggered in part low demand. Mild temperatures meant that there was little demand for either heating or air conditioning, while the weekend meant that many workplaces are closed.
Meanwhile the spring run-off boosted production at hydro stations. And strong winds pushed wind output above 1,400 megawatts at times – that’s about the same output as the main generating station at Niagara Falls.
As well, some connections to Quebec were out of service, bottling up power in Ontario and contributing to the surplus.
The market price for power never got above 3.2 cents a kilowatt hour on Sunday, and fell as low as minus 12.8 cents a kwh.
Some power users benefit. Export customers, in neighbouring states and provinces, can “buy” the below-zero power and get a credit for it. So can some big Ontario industrial customers who buy on the wholesale market.
In the hour starting at 7 a.m. Sunday, for example, IESO records show that Ontario exported 1,675 megawatt hours of power, at an average price of minus $128.11. Most of it flowed to New York and Michigan.
That means, in effect, Ontario paid its neighbours $214,584.24 in that hour to take our power.
Who paid? Most generators are not actually paying customers to take their power. Bruce Power, the provinceÂ’s biggest private generator, has a contract with the Ontario Power Authority which provides a floor price.
Other private generators also have contracts with the Ontario Power Authority that are independent of the market price.
Ontario Power GenerationÂ’s nuclear and large hydro stations also deliver power at regulated prices that donÂ’t vary with the market.
But since the market isnÂ’t generating any money for these contracted prices, somebody has to.
In the end, the gap between what power producers are guaranteed, and what the market provides, is made up in a surcharge on customers’ bills called the “global adjustment.”
In January – the latest month for which the global adjustment has been calculated – it amounted to 4.2 cents a kilowatt hour.
Householders who have electricity contracts with retailers pay the global adjustment as a surcharge on the contracted price. Those on the regulated price plan have it rolled into their over-all price.
While the negative prices may have cost consumers money, they made it a good day to see Niagara Falls.
For several hours Sunday, controllers throttled back production at the big generating station to curb production.
That meant more water plunged over the Falls instead of being diverted through the generators at Queenston.