The joint letter states: “Coal combustion waste poses a serious threat to the environment and public health across the United States.… The disaster at TVA’s Kingston plant dramatized the need for federal standards for safe disposal of these wastes, which are virtually unregulated by the EPA. After eight years of counterproductive backpedaling, we are confident that you will chart a new, responsible course for the Agency by supporting the adoption of standards, whether reflected in legislation or new regulations, that reflect the gravity of the situation and are guided by a consistent set of principles.”
Noting that the “evidence is now in,” the joint letter points out that, nearly five years ago, a coalition of 125 environmental groups petitioned the Agency to commence regulatory proceedings to stop disposal of coal ash in water, including in the kind of wet “surface impoundment” that gave way in Kingston.
“The wet storage or disposal of coal combustion waste should be phased out,” according to the letter. “All containment structures around coal combustion waste surface impoundments should be examined immediately to ensure their structural stability, and contained wastes should be transferred to lined and consistently covered landfills located outside of flood plains. Active surface impoundments should be closed and emptied within two years. Monitoring and cleanup standards should be required for impoundments that have already closed, and any remaining ash should be transferred to dry disposal sites within five years.”
While the joint letter seeks phase-out of wet storage of coal ash, it also asks EPA to mandate safe disposal of dry ash, which has also caused significant environmental harm when mismanaged. The letter notes: “Regulations should apply to all forms of land disposal, not just surface impoundments, and should be designed to prevent slow leaks as well as catastrophic structural failures. EPA’s 2007 ‘Human and Ecological Risk Assessment from Coal Combustion Wastes’ documented the highest cancer risks from surface impoundments, but also found unacceptable health risks from clay-lined coal combustion waste landfills leaking arsenic into groundwater.”
The letter also notes: “Site owners and operators should assume responsibility for monitoring of disposal sites for at least 30 years after closure and for cleaning up any contamination that may result during that time. Owners or operators should be required to demonstrate that they have the financial means to meet these obligations and post appropriate financial assurance to ensure these obligations are promptly met.”
In setting out a series of principles for regulation of coal ash, the environmental groups are calling on the EPA to “assume the lead responsibility for writing the rules, as it is the federal agency with the broadest statutory mandate to protect both human health and the environment, and because it has the expertise and experience to write and enforce hazardous waste regulations.”