Oil & Gas Applications - Electrical Grounding Techniques
Course Instructor
Pablo Diaz, Power Quality and Grounding Consultant, The Electricity Forum
DAY ONE
SESSION 1: ELECTRICAL GROUNDING – SCOPE
- Definitions
- Applications
- Grounding methods
- Ground Faults
- Why Ground Circuits and Systems
- Grounding Systems
SESSION 2: CLASSIFICATION OF VARIOUS GROUNDING STANDARDS. CODES AND RULES
- API (American Petroleum Institute)
- ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials), AASHTO,
- AGA (American Gas Association),
- AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS INSTITUTE (ANSI)
- ANSI/IEEE
- ANSI, ASCE, ASHRAE,ASME, ASSE/SAFETY, ASTM, AWS (optional), AWWA, CTI, DNV,GPA, ICC, IEEE, IESNA, ISA, MSS, NACE, NEMA, NFPA, PFI, SAE, SSPC and UL
SESSION 3: ELECTRICAL GROUNDING ELECTRODE SYSTEM
- Grounding Theory
- Parameters, Measurements and Calculations
- Types of grounds: Dirty Ground/Clean Ground
- Connecting IACS to the ground bed
- Star Point Ground, single point connection
- How not to ground
- Electrical Grounding and Corrosion
- Installation and Protection
- Sizing the Grounding Electrode Conductor
SESSION 4: CIRCUIT GROUNDING
- Sources of electrical power
- Grounded Conductor
- Direct-Current Systems
- Alternating-Current System
- Solidly Grounding system
- Resistance Grounding
- MCC’s-Motors grounding
- Rigging Shore Power
- External source through shore power cables
SESSION 5: EQUIPMENT BONDING & GROUNDING
- Major Requirements:
- Identification of the Bonding Conductor
- Bonding/Grounding and electric Shock
- Equipment cabinets and hardware items
- Ground returns & machine grounding
- Pipelines containing gases or flammable liquids
- Grounding of arc welding & cutting machines
- Storage Tank’s grounding
- Overall Petrochemical plant proper grounding
SESSION 6: EMERGENCY POWER SYSTEMS
- Proper grounding of emergency power systems (generators)
- Three Pole emergency generator grounding
- Four Pole emergency generator grounding.
- Main Bonding Jumper
- Portable generators
- Vehicle Mounted Generators
DAY TWO
SESSION 7: STATIC HAZARDS
- The hidden dangers in hazardous areas
- Static discharge ignition of combustible atmospheres.
- Static in liquids
- Electrostatic charging of hoses
- Static grounding protection guidelines for tank trucks
- Road tanker filling & emptying
- Mobile grounding for vehicles
- Railroad filling & emptying
- Mixing & blending
- Plastic drums and containers in hazardous areas
- Vehicle mounted static grounding verification systems.
- Vehicle refueling
SESSION 8: LIGHTNING PROTECTION FOR OIL INSTALLATIONS
- Electrical Grounding & Lightning
- Characteristics Protection Systems
- Electrogeometric & Rolling Sphere Concept
- NAVFAC Design Guides
- Ordnance Facilities Protection
- Storage and Handling Facilities Above Ground
- Earth-Covered Magazines
- Cranes on Piers and Wharves
- Marshalling Yards (Truck and Railroad)
- Explosives safety requirements
- Transient Overvoltage Protector Grounding
- Gas Tubes Metal Oxide Varistors Silicon Avalanche Diodes
SESSION 9: ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT GROUNDING
- Introduction and Definitions
- Computer and Electronic Equipment Grounding
- Telecommunication Rooms and Closets
- Data Processing Equipment
- Grounding Electronic Security Equipment Grounding
SESSION 10: TELECOMMUNICATIONS GROUNDING IN PETROCHEMICAL PLANTS
- Grounding Subsystems
- Exterior Ground Ring
- Interior Ground Ring –
- Field transmitter grounding
- Techniques for floating transmitters
- Single Point grounding system
- Equipment & Cabinet grounding
SESSION 11: EMI ON ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS
- Susceptibility - Immunity
- Cable Shielding and Grounding
- Losses by Absorption and reflection
- Grounding Low- and High-Frequency Shielding
- Grounding High-frequency Shielding
- Coaxial Cables
- Superficial Resistivity
- Resonance and Skin Effect
SESSION 12: TWO CASE HISTORIES:
- Electrical Grounding in Petrochemical Plants
Review of expectations
Questions and Answers
COURSE SCHEDULE
Both days:
Start: 8:00 a.m.
Coffee break: 10:00 a.m.
Lunch: 12:00 noon
Finish: 4:30 p.m.