DAY ONE
Course Instructor
Pablo Diaz, GST Technologies
DAY ONE
OVERVIEW
- Basics Of High-Voltage Grounding
- Electrical Bonding of High-Voltage Systems
- Proper Sizing of conductors
- Grounding of Substations
- High-Voltage Surge protection
- Electrical Grounding for lightning protection
Session 1: Definitions and Interpretations
- Determination of Need of Personal Protective Grounding
- Basic Criteria for Safe Grounding Practices
- Electric Shock Hazard
- Grounding practices
- Basic design options
- Soil resistivity
- Ground fault currents
- Fault clearing time
Session 2: State of the Art
- Importance of Grounding Systems
- Advanced Grounding System Definitions
- Advanced Components of a Grounding System
- Types of Grounding Systems
- Detailed Requirements for a Grounding System
- Advanced Electrical Grounding Concepts
- Voltage and Current Distribution in the Soil
- Voltage Drop around a Grounding Electrode
- Fault Current Calculation
Session 3: Grounding Options
- Ground Cable Assemblies
- Grounding Cable Ampacities
- Grounding Cable Reactance
- Parallel Grounds
- Grounding Clamps
- Grounding Insulated Power Cable
- Ground potential rise (GPR) in Medium- and High-Voltage systems
Session 4: Lightning Protection Systems
- The Phenomenon of Lightning
- Development of Lightning Flash
- Flash Parameters
- Influence of Structure Height
- Lightning Characteristics
- Electrical Effects
- Basic Protection Requirements
- Protection Systems
- Rolling Sphere Concept
- Electro-Geometric Method
- Lightning Protection System Specifications
Session 5: Advanced Industrial Electrical Systems Grounding Strategies
- Grounding Subsystems
- Exterior Ground Ring
- Interior Ground ring- Halo Ground
- Telecommunications Site Grounding
- Low-Frequency Networks
- High-Frequency Networks
- Telecommunication Rooms and Closets
DAY TWO
Session 6: Advanced Utility Grounding Applications
- Transmission Lines Grounding
- Substation Grounding
- Distribution Transformer Grounding
- Reflector Light Pole Grounding
- Motor Grounding
- Telecommunications site Grounding
- Satellite System Grounding
- High-Frequency Grounding System
- Metallic Fence Grounding
- Tanks Grounding
Session 7: Ground grid design for substations
- Determination of Maximum Available Fault Current
- Exposure Voltage Calculations for Plants & Switchyards
- Touch and step potential
- Transferred potential
- Elimination of step and touch potential
- Selection of the right connector
- Horizontal Grid Design IEEE STD 80-2000
- Introduction to 2-Layer soil Model
- Vertical Rods Connected by a Grid
- Temporary grounding
Session 8: Switchyard and Substation Protective Grounding
- General Considerations for placement of Protective Grounds
- Power Circuit Breakers and Transformers
- Disconnect Switches and Bus
- Insulated High-Voltage Cable
- Cable Terminations
- Midsections and Splices
- Grounding Transformers and Phase Reactors
- Capacitor Banks
Session 9: Power Line Protective Grounding
- Grounding of Metal Transmission Structures
- Slip Joints
- Steel Pole Structures
- Overhead Ground Wires
- Structure Footing Ground
- Grounding on Wood Pole Transmission Structures
- Transmission Line Terminal Ground Switches
- Grounding on Distribution Lines
- Surface Equipment and Vehicle Grounding
Session 10: Technical Considerations in Protective Grounding in Substations and Switchyards
- Substation Grounding System
- Typical Shock Situations - Conditions of Danger
- Structure touch
- Electric Circuit for Witch Operator Sources of Hazardous Current on De-energized Equipment
- Grounding and Jumpering Requirements
- IEE Std 80-2000
International and Local Regulations
- CSA
- IEEE 80-2000, IEEE Guide for Safety in AC Substation Grounding, 2000
- ASTM F 855-97 Standard Specifications for Temporary Protective Grounds
- IEEE 1246-2002, IEEE Guide for Temporary Protective Grounding Systems Used in Substations
- IEEE 1048-2003, IEEE Guide for Protective Grounding of Power Lines, 2003
Day 2 Wrap-Up
Course Timetable for Both Days:
- START: 8:00AM
- COFFEE BREAK: 10:00AM
- LUNCH: 12:00PM
- REFRESHMENT BREAK: 2:30PM
- FINISH: 4:30PM