Course Instructor:
Pablo Diaz
Grounding Systems Technologies

Part 1
Electrical Distribution Systems

• Generation, Transmission & Distribution Systems
• Electrical Systems Theory
• Power Problems in Industrial Plants
• Power Problems in Telecommunication’s Sites
• Power Problems affecting sensitive electronic equipment
• Equipment necessary to perform a “Power System Audit”
• Industry Standards

Part 2
Power System Disturbances

• Introduction
• Sine wave Disturbances
• Voltage fluctuations
• Voltage fluctuations effects
• Transient overvoltages
• Subcycle Disturbances
• Electrical Noise
• Energy Interruptions
• Harmonics
• Electromagnetic Interference (EMI)
• Electrostatic Discharge (ESD)

Part 3
Troubleshooting Transient Overvoltage Problems

• Technical Criteria
• Devices that depend on the frequency
• Devices that do not depend on the frequency
• Suppression Technologies against transients
• Gas tube
• Metal Oxide Varistors (MOV)
• Silicon Avalanche Diodes (SAD)
• Hybrid Circuits
• IEEE Location categories
• CBEMA Curve
• ANSI C62.41-1991

Part 4
Troubleshooting Harmonics in the Power System

• DC Power Supplies
• Harmonic generators
• Full wave Rectifier
• Harmonics spectrum for a six pulse converter
• Resonance problems with capacitors
• General solutions to control harmonics

Part 5
Corrective Measures for Power Disturbances

• Line conditioners
• LC Filter
• Harmonics Filter
• UPS
• Interactive UPS
• UPS with Rectifier/Charger
• Redundant UPS System
• UPS with electronic static bypass
• Motor-Generator ac-dc
• Motor-generator with dc driver
• Motor–Generator with ac driver
• Energy Study

Part 6
Troubleshooting Electrical Grounding Systems

• Grounding Systems
• Earth Ground
• Lightning protection System
• Equipment/Safety ground
• Grounded conductor
• Signal reference ground
• Effective grounding
• Grounding electrode System
• Ground resistance measurement
• Computer Room grounding

Part 7
Troubleshooting Telecommunications Sites

• Telecommunications grounding
• Exterior ground ring/Interior ground ring
• Master Ground Bar (MGB)
• Grounding for Lightning Protection
• Grounding against Electrostatic Discharge (ESD)
• Cable shielding grounding

Part 8
Troubleshooting Industrial Plants (Site Survey)

• Procedures to perform a site audit
• Registration of measurements values
• Electrical Parameters Measurements on service Equipment
• Measurement of feeder Currents
• Measurements on Branch circuits
• Neutral-Ground Voltage test
• Current on the Neutral conductor
• Solutions and Recommendations
• Commercial Lighting
• Energy consumption

Part 9
Troubleshooting Three-Phase Loads

• Voltage & Current Unbalance
• Transformer Load measurement
• Transformer Harmonic spectrum
• Power measurements
• Harmonic sequence
• Total Harmonic Distortion
• K Factor
• Solution to transformer problems

Part 10
Troubleshooting Motors

• Voltage unbalance
• Current unbalance
• Total Harmonic Distortion (THD)
• Loads on three-phase systems
• Equipment inrush current
• Inrush current effects
• Power Factor/ Displacement Power Factor

Part 11
Motor Adjustable speed Drivers (ASD)

• ASD as an interference
• Six and twelve pulse Converters
• SCR Converters
• Converters with diodes and broad pulse modulation
• PWM
• Phase displacement transformers
• Power factor displacement
• Harmonics and Capacitors
• Power System Resonance

Part 12
TROUBLESHOOTING CASE HISTORIES

• Troubleshooting Lighting Loads
• Motor failures
• Transformers failures
• Medical equipment failures
• Electrical noise and transient overvoltages.

Course Timetable for Both Days:

• START: 8:00AM
• COFFEE BREAK: 10:00AM
• LUNCH: 12:00PM
• REFRESHMENT BREAK: 2:30PM
• FINISH: 4:30PM