• Grounding - Definitions
• Grounding methods
• System Grounding
• Single-point grounding
• Solid grounding
• Impedance grounding
• Reactance grounding
• Resistance grounding
• Isolated grounding
• Ground faults
• Why ground circuits and systems
• Grounding systems

• Classification of various grounding standards. Codes and rules
• Canadian Standards Association:
  CSA Grounding and Bonding (C22.1 – 98, Section 10)
  CSA Protection and Control (C22.1 – 98, Section 14)
  CSA Installation of Electrical Equipment (C22.1 – 98, Section 26)
  CSA Electrical Communication Equipment (C22.1 – 98, Section 60)

  Canadian Electrical Code:

  Bonding and Grounding of Electrical Equipment (C22.2 No. 0.4 – M1982 R1993)

  Grounding and Bonding Equipment (C22.2 No. 41 – M1987 R1993)

  (C22.2 No. 0.4 – M1982 R1993)

  Comparisons to the NEC – National Electrical Code

• Electrical grounding electrode system
• Grounding theory
• Parameters, measurements and calculations
• Grounding electrodes: construction and installation
• Ground resistance and resistivity
• Grounding electrode conductor
• Electrical grounding and corrosion
• Materials-splicing
• Installation and protection
• Sizing the grounding electrode conductor

• Circuit grounding
• Grounded conductor
• Direct-current systems
• Alternating-current system

• Equipment grounding
• Major requirements: leakage current, proper sizing
• Generators
• Substations
• Transformers
• UPS systems: online, standby, line interactive, alternative
• Installation
• Sizing the equipment grounding
• Identification of the equipment grounding conductor
• Electric shock
• Grounding and electric shock

• Separately derived systems
• Main bonding jumper
• Portable generators
• Vehicle mounted generators

• Electrical grounding two or more buildings
• Grounded and ungrounded systems
• Grounding the second building

• Lightning protection - electrical grounding
• Lightning - characteristics
• Protection systems
• Rolling sphere concept
• Lightning protection system specifications

• Electronic equipment grounding
• Introduction and definitions
• Computer and electronic equipment grounding
• Telecommunication rooms and closets
• Data processing equipment grounding
• Electronic security equipment grounding

• Telecommunication site grounding
• Grounding subsystems
• Exterior ground ring
• Interior ground ring - halo ground
• Low frequency networks
• High frequency networks

• Computer room grounding
• System reference zero
• Detection of a faulty neutral-ground system
• Sizing wiring to meet computer industry standards
• Grounding line treatment devices
• Transient overvoltage protector grounding
• Gas tubes
• Metal oxide varistors
• Silicon avalanche diodes

• Instrumentation and control
• EMI (Electromagnetic Interference)
• Inductive, capacitive and radiation coupling
• RFI (Radio Frequency Interference)
• Electrostatic discharge
• Shields grounding
• Coaxial cables
• Telephone lines
• Data lines grounding - RS232

• EMI on electronic circuits
• Susceptibility - immunity
• Cable shielding and grounding
• Losses by absorption and reflection
• Grounding low- and high-frequency shielding
• Grounding high-frequency shielding
• Coaxial cables
• Superficial resistivity
• Resonance and skin effect

FOUR CASE HISTORIES INCLUDED: THERE ARE FOUR CASE STUDIES THAT WILL BE PRESENTED: PETROCHEMICAL, TELECOMMUNICATION, COMPUTER FACILITY, AND A MANUFACTURING PLANT. SECOND DAY ALSO INCLUDES A LABORATORY SECTION WHERE A THE PARTICIPANTS ARE TAUGHT HOW TO PERFORM A GROUNDING AND POWER QUALITY SITE SURVEY. MEASURMENT PERFORMED: GROUND RESISTANCE AND RESISTIVITY, POWER QUALITY PARAMETERS SUCH AS: VOLTAGE, CURRENT, LOAD BALANCE, POWER FACTOR, DISPLACEMENT POWER FACTOR, VOLTAGE AND CURRENT HARMONICS, EFFECTIVE POWER (KW), APPARENT POWER (KVA), REACTIVE POWER (KVAR), K FACTOR FOR TRANSFORMERS, ETC, TO DIAGNOSE AND SOLVE MOST COMMON PROBLEMS.

TUTORIAL TIMETABLE:

Both days:
Start: 8:00 a.m.
Coffee Break: 10:00 a.m.
Lunch: 12:00 noon
Restart: 1:15 p.m.
Adjournment: 4:30 p.m.