DAY ONE
ESSENTIALS OF BOILER PROCESSES
- Objectives of boiler controls
- Overview of boiler types
- Boiler processes in block diagrams to show
key inputs and output variables
- Hazards of boiler operations
- The main control functions in boilers and
furnaces
REVIEW OF PROCESS CONTROL AND
INSTRUMENTATION RELEVANT TO
BOILERS
- Principles of sensors and transmitters with
examples for boilers
- Closed loop control principles including
feedback, feedfoward, ratio and limiting.
- Control system hardware and software
tools.
- Safety instrumented controls and the impact
of IEC 61511
- Instrumentation diagrams and symbols per
ISA and SAMA.
- Distributed control systems and the
separation of safety systems
FEEDWATER AND DRUM LEVEL
CONTROL
- Performance requirements: Level, quality,
stability
- Characteristic responses of drum level
- Level control solutions, 1, 2 and 3 element
types
- Level measurement problems and practices
- Drum level safety systems
FURNACE AIR AND DRAFT CONTROLS
- Performance requirements; pressures and
temperatures
- Characteristic responses and means of
control
- Pressure measurement methods and the
pressure profile
- Temperature control and the impact of dew
point
- Protection against implosion
DAY TWO
COMBUSTION CONTROLS
- The combustion process and its
requirements for efficiency and safety
- Coal, oil and gas firing types.
- Stoichiometric air and excess air
requirements
- Fuel-air ratio control and its measurements
- Firing rate controls and cross limiters for
improving dynamic response
- Methods for measurements of boiler
efficiency using analysers
- Application of optimising controllers
BURNER MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
- Safety and performance requirements of
pulverisers, burners and igniters.
- Furnace safety standards and regulations
- Flame monitors and flame failure detection
- Start up protection and sequencing
- Furnace supervisory controls and shutdown
systems
STEAM TEMPERATURE CONTROL
- Superheater and attemperator
arrangements
- Essential control requirements
- De-superheater controls
STEAM PRESSURE AND BOILER LOAD
CONTROLS
- Pressure and flow response characteristics
- Single boiler load control
- Multiple boiler installations and load sharing
controls
SUMMARY, QUESTIONS, OPEN FORUM AND CLOSING