DAY ONE AND TWO
- Complimentary Lunch sponsored by Thomas&Betts
Session 1: ELECTRICAL GROUNDING – OVERVIEW
- Grounding - Definitions
- Grounding methods
- System Grounding
- Single-Point Grounding
- Solid Grounding
- Impedance Grounding
- Reactance Grounding
- Resistance Grounding
- Isolated Grounding
- Ground Faults
- Why Ground Circuits and Systems
- Grounding Systems
Session 2: 2009 Canadian Electrical Code and CSA Standards
- Classification of Various Grounding Standards. Codes and Rules
- Canadian Standards Association:
- CSA Grounding and Bonding (C22.1 – 98, Section 10)
- CSA Protection and Control (C22.1 – 98, Section 14)
- CSA Installation of Electrical Equipment (C22.1 – 98, Section 26)
- CSA Electrical Communication Equipment (C22.1 – 98, Section 60)
- 2009 Canadian Electrical Code:
- Bonding and Grounding of Electrical Equipment (C22.2 No. 0.4 – M1982 R1993)
- Grounding and Bonding Equipment (C22.2 No. 41 – M1987 R1993)
- (C22.2 No. 0.4 – M1982 R1993)
- Comparisons and Harmonization with the NEC – National Electrical Code
Session 3:
- Electrical Grounding Electrode System
- Grounding Theory
- Parameters, Measurements and Calculations
- Grounding Electrodes: Construction and Installation
- Ground Resistance and Resistivity
- Grounding Electrode Conductor
- Electrical Grounding and Corrosion
- Materials-Splicing
- Installation and Protection
- Sizing the Grounding Electrode Conductor
Session 4:
- Circuit Grounding
- Grounded Conductor
- Direct-Current Systems
- Alternating-Current System
Session 5:
- Equipment Grounding
- Major Requirements: Leakage Current, Proper Sizing
- Generators
- Substations
- Transformers
- UPS systems: Online, Standby, Line Interactive, Alternative
- Installation
- Sizing the Equipment grounding
- Identification of the Equipment Grounding Conductor
- Electric Shock
- Grounding and electric Shock
Session 6:
- Separately Derived Systems
- Main Bonding Jumper
- Portable generators
- Vehicle Mounted Generators
Session 7:
- Electrical Grounding Two or More Buildings
- Grounded and Ungrounded Systems
- Grounding the Second Building
DAY TWO
Session 8:
- Lightning Protection - Electrical Grounding
- Lightning - Characteristics
- Protection Systems
- Rolling Sphere Concept
- Lightning Protection System Specifications
Session 9:
- Electronic Equipment Grounding
- Introduction and Definitions
- Computer and Electronic Equipment Grounding
- Telecommunication Rooms and Closets
- Data Processing Equipment Grounding
- Electronic Security Equipment Grounding
Session 10:
- Telecommunication Site Grounding
- Grounding Subsystems
- Exterior Ground Ring
- Interior Ground Ring - Halo Ground
- Low-Frequency Networks
- High frequency Networks
Session 11:
- Computer Room Grounding
- System Reference Zero
- Detection of a Faulty Neutral-Ground System
- Sizing Wiring to Meet Computer Industry Standards
- Grounding Line Treatment Devices
- Transient Overvoltage Protector Grounding
- Gas Tubes
- Metal Oxide Varistors
- Silicon Avalanche Diodes
Session 12 (A):
- Instrumentation and Control
- EMI (Electromagnetic Interference)
- Inductive, Capacitive and Radiation Coupling
- RFI (Radio Frequency Interference)
- Electrostatic Discharge
- Shields Grounding
- Coaxial Cables
- Telephone Lines
- Data Lines Grounding - RS232
Session 12 (b):
- EMI on Electronic Circuits
- Susceptibility - Immunity
- Cable Shielding and Grounding
- Losses by Absorption and reflection
- Grounding Low- and High-Frequency Shielding
- Grounding High-frequency Shielding
- Coaxial Cables
- Superficial Resistivity
- Resonance and Skin Effect
FOUR CASE HISTORIES INCLUDED:
THERE ARE FOUR CASE STUDIES THAT WILL BE PRESENTED: PETROCHEMICAL, TELECOMMUNICATION, COMPUTER FACILITY, AND A MANUFACTURING PLANT. SECOND DAY ALSO INCLUDES A LABORATORY SECTION WHERE A THE PARTICIPANTS ARE TAUGHT HOW TO PERFORM A GROUNDING AND POWER QUALITY SITE SURVEY. MEASURMENT PERFORMED: GROUND RESISTANCE AND RESISTIVITY, POWER QUALITY PARAMETERS SUCH AS: VOLTAGE, CURRENT, LOAD BALANCE, POWER FACTOR, DISPLACEMENT POWER FACTOR, VOLTAGE AND CURRENT HARMONICS, EFFECTIVE POWER (KW), APPARENT POWER (KVA), REACTIVE POWER (KVAR), K FACTOR FOR TRANSFORMERS, ETC, TO DIAGNOSE AND SOLVE MOST COMMON PROBLEMS.
DAY THREE
High Voltage Electrical Grounding and Bonding Training
OVERVIEW
- Basics Of High-Voltage Grounding
- Electrical Bonding of High Voltage Systems
- Proper Sizing of Conductors
- Grounding of Substations
- High-Voltage Surge Protection
- Electrical Grounding for Lightning Protection
SUBSTATION GROUNDING DESIGN
Session 1: Definitions and Interpretations
- Determination of Need of Personal Protective Grounding
- Basic Criteria for Safe Grounding Practices
- Electric Shock Hazard
- Grounding Practices
- Basic Design Options
- Soil Resistivity
- Ground Fault Currents
- Fault clearing Time
Session 2: Grounding Options
- Ground Cable Assemblies
- Grounding Cable Ampacities
- Grounding Cable Reactance
- Parallel Grounds
- Grounding Clamps
- Grounding Insulated Power Cable
- Ground Potential Rise (GPR) in Medium- and High-Voltage Systems
Session 3: Ground Grid Design for Substations
- Determination of Maximum Available Fault Current
- Exposure Voltage Calculations for Plants & Switchyards
- Touch and Step Potential
- Transferred Potential
- Elimination of Step and Touch Potential
- Selection of the Right Connector
- Horizontal Grid Design IEEE STD 80-2000
- Introduction to 2-Layer Soil Model
- Vertical Rods Connected by a Grid
- Temporary Grounding
Session 4: Switchyard and Substation Protective Grounding
- General Considerations for Placement of Protective Grounds
- Power Circuit Breakers and Transformers
- Disconnect Switches and Bus
- Insulated High Voltage Cable
- Cable Terminations
- Midsections and Splices
- Grounding Transformers and Phase Reactors
- Capacitor Banks
Session 5: Power Line Protective Grounding
- Grounding of Metal Transmission Structures
- Slip Joints
- Steel Pole Structures
- Overhead Ground Wires
- Structure Footing Ground
- Grounding on Wood Pole Transmission Structures
- Transmission Line Terminal Ground Switches
- Grounding on Distribution Lines
- Surface Equipment and Vehicle Grounding
Session 6: Technical Considerations in Protective Grounding in Substations and Switchyards
- Substation Grounding System
- Typical Shock Situations - Conditions of Danger
- Structure Touch
- Electric Circuit for Switch Operator Sources of Hazardous Current on De-energized Equipment
- Grounding and Jumpering Requirements
- IEE Std 80-2000
International and Local Regulations
- CSA
- IEEE 80-2000, IEEE Guide for Safety in AC Substation Grounding, 2000
- ASTM F 855-97 Standard Specifications for Temporary Protective Grounds
- IEEE 1246-2002, IEEE Guide for Temporary Protective Grounding Systems Used in Substations
- IEEE 1048-2003, IEEE Guide for Protective Grounding of Power Lines, 2003
TUTORIAL TIMETABLE:
Start: 8:00 a.m.
Coffee Break: 10:00 a.m.
Lunch: 12:00 noon
Restart: 1:15 p.m.
Finish: 4:30 p.m.